NERC Power Distribution Technical Skills Online Training & Power Distribution System Training . Online classes for the power industry. AC Voltage Generation,Impedance and Voltage Drop , Three Phase Power Systems , Distribution Networks Overhead Lines ,Underground Distribution Systems,Substation Transformers,Fundamentals of Protection, Overcurrent Protection, Distribution System Protection, Coordination of protection Devices 1, Overvoltage Protection, Communication Techniques , SCADA Control, Distribution Automation, Programmable Logic Controllers

The 39 classes listed above are part of this Power Distribution series. To the right of each class name you will find the number of hours it qualifies for. When you click on the name of the class that you are interested in, you will be taken to the course catalog of Online SchoolRoom. Once there, you can click on the class you desire and it will give you a brief description and/or outline of that class.

We've helped most of the world's best-known power and energy organizations maximize their efficiencies and enhance their training performance including PacifiCorp, Southern Company, Sierra Pacific, Tennessee Valley Authority, FirstEnergy Corporation, Florida Power & Light, Orion Power, Duke Energy, MidAmerican Energy, Energy Corporation and Puget Sound Energy.

OnlineSchoolRoom courses are totally interactive using "Flash" featuring interactive characters and full audio. There is no waiting on slow, read-only pages. Student may log in and out of the course at will from any computer with appropriate capability. Student may take a portion of the course, bookmark it and resume the class late

POWER DISTRIBUTION TECHNICAL SKILLS ONLINE TRAINING COURSES

Since 1971, 360training.com has provided technical skills training to the electric power industry around the globe. Over 1300 programs in 39 competency areas of transmission, distribution and generation are offered in multiple languages and mediums to improve your plant operations, profitability and productivity. Our courses have received recognition from the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC).

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS

POWER DISTRIBUTION ONLINE TRAINING COURSES

8001 - AC Voltage Generation $65.00

This module, the first in the "Distribution System Training" series, initiates the review of electrical fundamentals that provide the basis for detailed study of equipment and systems in subsequent modules. The objective of this module is to develop an understanding of AC power generation, frequency and characteristics of the sine wave. The effect of pure resistance in an AC circuit is also discussed, including the relationship between voltage, resistance, power and energy. On completion of this module and associated workbook, the participant should be able to understand the following concepts, and apply them in day-to-day practice.

• Requirements for power balance, i.e. power supply must equal power demand (including losses)

• Current and power flow through a simple DC circuit

• Calculation of equivalent resistance for parallel circuits

• Calculation of line voltage drop and line power loss

• The use of high voltages to reduce transmission and distribution line losses

• The relationship between power and energy

• The principle of AC power generation using a rotating magnetic field

• Development of the voltage sine wave in relation to the rotor angle

• Physical interpretation of the current sine wave, i.e. current flow changes direction every half cycle

• Relationship between frequency, number of poles and speed of rotation

• Synchronous operation of generators connected in parallel

• The effects of pure resistance in an AC circuit

• Calculation of instantaneous values, and the resultant power curve

• The meaning of RMS values

Power Industry Online Classes

8002 - Power Factor $65.00

Continuing our review of electrical fundamentals, the objective of this module is to demonstrate the effect of inductance, and capacitance in AC circuits, leading to a discussion of power factor and its significance. After completion of this video and associated workbook, the participant should be able to understand and apply the following concepts in day-to-day work activities:

• The significance of inductance and inductive reactance in an AC circuit

• Phase angle between current and voltage

• Vector representation of electrical properties

• Power in an inductive circuit

• Reactive power - VARs (Volt-Amperes Reactive)

• Reactive power demand in an inductive circuit (positive VARs)

• The significance of pure capacitance in an AC circuit

• Production of VARs by a capacitive element

• The power triangle - active power, reactive power, and apparent power

• Vector relationship between MW, MVARs, and MVA

• Definition of power factor

• Significance of low power factor on generator output (i.e. reduced MW capacity)

• Load power factor correction by capacitors

8003 - Impedance and Voltage Drop $65.00

The objective of this module is to look at complex circuits; that is those with capacitive, inductive and resistive elements connected in series. The impedance triangle, voltage triangle, and power triangle are all developed. Also discussed is the effect of impedance in causing voltage drop and phase angle difference in transmission and distribution lines. A brief review of basic trigonometry is included for those who feel that a refresher would be worthwhile. After completion of this module, the participant should be able to understand and apply the following concepts in day-to-day operation.

• The resolution of right angle triangles using basic trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem

• The calculation of overall impedance in a complex circuit, consisting of resistance, inductance, and capacitance in series

• Construction of the impedance triangle

• Calculation of voltage drop across each element of the circuit

• Construction of the voltage triangle

• Calculation of active power, or reactive power, drawn by each element of the circuit

• Construction of the power triangle

• The effect of series resonance in a circuit

• The effect of parallel resonance in a circuit

• The effect of frequency on resonance

• Vector representation of voltage drop in transmission lines and distribution lines

• The effect of load power factor on line voltage drop

8004 - Three Phase Power Systems $65.00

The objective of this module is to present the basic principles of three phase power, including the characteristics of Wye and delta connections. The fundamentals of two winding and autotransformers are discussed, including various combinations of three-phase transformer connections. Finally, bearing in mind the special applications of DC in power systems, the characteristics of DC circuits are introduced. After completion of this module and associated workbook, the participant should be able to understand and apply the following concepts in day-to-day work activities.

• The advantage of three phase power systems

• Sharing the common neutral

• Elimination of the neutral conductor with a balanced three-phase load

• The generator Wye connection and grounded neutral

• The Wye connection voltage and current relationships

• The delta connection, voltage and current relationships

• Expression for power in a three-phase circuit

• Fundamentals of voltage transformation

• Function of the iron core in the transformer

• Transformer voltage and current relationships

• Transformer energy losses

• Transformer single phase and three-phase construction

• Characteristics of the transformer delta-delta connection

• Characteristics of the transformer Wye-delta connection

• The function of transformer tap changers

• The function of the autotransformer

• The difference between DC and AC electric power

• The effect of inductance and capacitance in a DC circuit

• Battery discharge and re-charge

• The DC generator

• Half wave solid-state rectification

• Full wave solid-state rectification

• Typical applications of the solid state rectifier

8005 - Distribution Networks System Layout 2 $65.00

The objective of this module is to present and discuss the main features related to distribution system layout, including various means of providing continuity of service and alternative sources of supply. On conclusion of this module, the participant should be able to understand the following concepts, and apply them in day-to-day work practice.

• The function of the distribution system

• Elements of a simple distribution system

• The source of power supply to the distribution system

• Single, double and multiple in-feeds to the distribution system

• The sub-transmission system (also known as high-voltage distribution)

• Primary feeder layout

• Branch circuits (lateral circuits)

• Typical transmission, sub-transmission, and primary distribution voltage levels

• The functions of transmission, sub-transmission, and primary distribution

• The function of distribution transformers

• Radial operation of primary feeders

• The primary loop with normally open tie

• Classification of customers

• Feed to high voltage customers (at sub-transmission and primary feeder voltages)

• Distribution transformer connections to provide 3-phase supply

• Distribution transformer connections to provide single phase supply

• Single-phase 3-wire supply (with centre tapped neutral)

• Connecting to a secondary main

• The need for continuity of service

• Alternate primary feeds ?"the primary selective system"

• Alternative feeds ?"secondary selective system"

• The secondary spot network with distribution transformers in parallel

• Definition of temporary faults and permanent faults

• Operation of the feeder circuit breaker in response to the reclosing relay for temporary, and permanent faults

• The combination of branch line fuses and the reclosing relay under temporary and permanent fault conditions

• Operation of the mechanical recloser under fault conditions

• Operation of the sectionalizer under fault conditions

• Information required by the operator, i.e. circuit diagrams, protection diagrams, area maps, and wall diagrams

8006 - Distribution Networks Overhead Lines $65.00

The objective of this module is to demonstrate and discuss the features of overhead distribution systems. After completion of this module, and associated workbook, the participant should be able to understand the following concepts, and apply them in day-to-day work practice.

• Advantages and disadvantages of overhead construction

• The use of bare conductors and covered conductors

• Conductor supports i.e. lattice towers, steel, concrete and wood poles

• Conductor support arrangements on wood poles

• Types of insulators

• Multiple circuits on poles

• Mounting equipment on poles

• The need for guy wires

• Grounding the neutral conductor

• The characteristics of copper and aluminium conductors (ACSR)

• Standard conductor sizes (AWG)

• "Circular mil" units of measuring conductor and strand sizes

• Manufacturer’s tables for solid and stranded conductors indicating weight tensile strength, and ohmic resistance

• The use of ampacity tables to indicate conductor current limits

• The effect of conductor material, ambient temperature, wind velocity, and current flow on ampacity

• Factors affecting line sag, including conductor tension, conductor weight, ice loading, ambient temperature, wind velocity, and conductor current

• Primary feed arrangements between the distribution bus and the primary feeder

• Line dead end support

• Line taps to feed customers from primary feeder

• Connections to primary terminals of distribution transformers

• Secondary wiring arrangements to customer’s service entrance

8007 - Underground Distribution Systems $65.00

The objective of this module is to demonstrate and discuss the main features of underground distribution systems, including typical arrangements for rural, suburban and city areas. After completion of this module, the participant should understand the following concepts, and apply them in day-to-day work practice.

• Construction of different types of underground cables

• Features of solid dielectric cables

• Features of paper insulated lead covered cables

• The purpose of the conductor shield and insulation shield

• Single conductor cables and three conductor cables

• The single conductor cable with concentric neutral

• Features of cable splices and cable terminations

• Underground residential distribution

• Direct buried primary and secondary cables

• Pad mounted transformers and switchgear

• The open loop arrangement

• The application of elbow disconnects

• The application of flexible ducts to protect direct buried cables

• Secondary circuit connecting points, i.e. hand holes and pedestals

• Protection for URD primary feeder, distribution transformer, secondary underground cable, and customer’s circuits

• The application of fault indicators

• Underground cable ampacity

• Underground supply to concentrated loads

• Alternate supply arrangements

• Underground distribution in city downtown areas

• The application of ducts and manholes beneath street level

• Transformer vaults

• Circuit identification

• Other underground services requiring co-ordination

• High rise distribution feeders (primary risers)

• The spot network to provide uninterruptible supply to critical loads

• The downtown secondary grid

• Function of the network protector

• Secondary cable faults

8008 - Substations $65.00

The objective of this module is to examine the major functions of distribution substations, including different arrangements of substation layout. Typical bus configurations are presented along with a look at the equipment usually installed in substations. After completion of this module, the participant should be able to understand the following concepts and apply them in day-to-day work practice.

• The role of the substation, i.e. link between the high voltage system and distribution customers

• Operating activities performed in the substation

• Substation bus arrangements; high voltage and low voltage

• Single feed and dual feed substations

• Dual transformer substations

• The use of mobile transformers

• Metal clad switchgear arrangements

• Substation local and remote operation

• Switching devices used in the substation

• Features of the circuit breaker

• Types of quenching medium used in circuit breakers

• Switching procedures

• Location of protection relays in substations

• Characteristics of the basic disconnect switch (non-load break)

• The application of disconnect switches in clearance procedures

• The interruption of line charging current and transformer excitation current

• Discharging static voltage to ground, and applying temporary grounds

• Application of the fused disconnect combination

• Substation equipment

• Station service supply to the substation

• Applications of auxiliary power

• DC supply and applications

• The station battery

• Uninterruptible power supplies

• The application of instrument transformers; i.e. CTs (current transformers) and PTs (potential transformers)

• Handling monitoring data

• Communicating monitored data to the system control center via the SCADA system

• Voltage control equipment; i.e. automatic tap changers and capacitor banks

• The substation-grounding mat

• Grounding of metallic equipment, enclosures, and structures

• Connection of other system grounds; i.e. the neutral point of Wye connected transformers

• Unattended substations

8009 - Distributed Generation $65.00

The objective of this module is to examine reasons why generating plant is increasingly being connected to the distribution system. Different types of customer owned co-generation plants, and independent power producers are presented and attention is drawn to problems of dispatching and control of this distributed generation. On completion of this video and associated workbook, the participant should be able to understand the following concepts and apply them in day-to-day work practice.

• Distributed generation (also known as dispersed generation) may be owned by different entities such as:

1. Customers? self-generation plants

2. Independent power producers

3. The distribution company itself

• Modes of self generation:

1. Stand-by power

2. In-house generation to meet in-house demand

3. Excess generation for sale back to the distribution company

• The price factor, i.e. self-generation versus purchased power

• The economy of co-generation plants

• Justification for the utility’s stand-by charge

• The purpose of the IPP

• Advantages to the distribution company of self-owned generating plant connected to the distribution system

• Features of different types of generation, i.e. small hydro generators, reciprocating engines, gas turbines, steam turbines, combined cycle

• Features of new evolving generation technologies

• Limitations of generation from new technologies

• Limitations of generation from co-gen sources

• Co-ordination between system protection and distributed generator protection

8010 - Substation Transformers $65.00

The objective of this module is to present the main features of operation and construction of distribution substation transformers. Note that the fundamental concepts of the transformer were discussed in module 4 of this series. After completion of this module, the participant should be able to understand the following topics, and apply them in day-to-day work practice.

• The basic construction and physical arrangement of the oil filed transformer

• Sources of heat generated in a loaded transformer; i.e. iron loss and copper loss

• Cooling arrangements: ONAN, ONAF, OFAF

• The significance of transformer cooling on its rated capacity

• The reason for constructing the iron core of laminated sheets

• Arrangements to accommodate the change in volume of transformer oil under load changes

• Function of the conservator tank

• Nitrogen capped transformers

• Transformer insulation

• The significance of BIL (Basic Impulse Insulation Level)

• Transformer terminal connections

• Three-phase configurations

• The Delta/Wye phase shift

• Winding polarity

• The effect of overloading on the transformer life

• The effects of ambient temperature and pre-loading conditions on transformer overload capacity

• The effect of high magnitude fault currents near to the transformer

• Transformer short circuit capability

• Transformer protection; i.e. built-in devices, and external relays and protection schemes

• Transformer excitation current

• The effect of transformer in-rush current

8013 - Non Fault Interrupting Devices $65.00

The objective of this module is to present and discuss features of the different types of non-fault interrupting switches as installed on the distribution system. Reference is made to disconnects which have zero or minimal interrupting capacity and various types of load-break switches which are able to interrupt load current flow up to rated value, but do not have the capacity to interrupt higher level current flow produced by faults. After completion of this module, the participant should be able to understand the following concepts and apply them in day-to-day work practice.

• The difference between fault interrupting capability and non-fault interrupting capability

• The function of disconnects (i.e. to provide isolation)

• Why disconnects are installed adjacent to circuit breakers

• Construction of disconnects (i.e. single-phase or three-phase ganged for local or remote operation)

• The importance of open disconnect switches being visible

• The operational difference between solid blade disconnects and fused disconnects

• Typical installation of disconnects on the primary distribution system

• Possible methods of reducing current flow on distribution feeders before disconnects are opened

• Provision of arcing horns and other types of auxiliary contacts on disconnects, to allow interruption of low magnitude current flow

• Application of non-load-break elbow connectors as disconnects on underground systems

• Typical arrangement of primary open loop feed, using elbow type connectors

• The function of elbow connectors with load break capability

• Other types of load break switches, including air break, SF6, vacuum, and oil for arc extinction

• Function and application of the load break tool which is fitted on the end of the linemen’s hook stick

• The use of arc chutes and auxiliary contacts on air break load interrupters

• The consequences of closing into a fault

• Features of underground load break switches

• Automatic switchover arrangements for primary feed to specific customers

• The installation of sectionalizers on the distribution system

• Features of the sectionalizer:

1. Non-fault interrupting capacity

2. Load break capacity only

3. The ability to count the number of re-closer actions upstream

4. The ability to be set to trip while recloser is open

• Operation of the sectionalizer jointly with the recloser

• Advantage of installing a sectionalizer in place of a fused disconnect on feeder branch circuits

• The significance of switching operations on safe operation of the distribution system

• Safety considerations regarding isolation of equipment and circuits for maintenance activities

LICENSING. CONTINUING ED. CERTIFICATIONS. ONLINE.

POWER DISTRIBUTION TECHNICAL SKILLS ONLINE TRAINING COURSES

Electric Power

America – and much of the world -- is becoming increasingly electrified. Today, more than half of the electricity generated in the United States comes from coal. For the foreseeable future, coal will continue to be the dominant fuel used for electric power production. The low cost and abundance of coal is one of the primary reasons why consumers in the United States benefit from some of the lowest electricity rates of any free-market economy.

The Department’s Office of Fossil Energy is working on ways to keep coal in America’s electricity future. The key challenge is to remove the environmental objections to the use of coal in tomorrow’s power plants. New technologies being developed in the Fossil Energy program could virtually eliminate the sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury pollutants released when coal is burned. It may also be possible to capture greenhouse gases emitted from coal-fired power plants and prevent them from contributing to global warming concerns.

Research is also underway to increase the fuel efficiency of coal-fueled power plants. Today’s plants convert only a third of coal’s energy potential to electricity. New technologies in Energy’s Fossil Energy program could nearly double efficiency levels in the next 10-15 years. Higher efficiencies mean even more affordable electricity and fewer greenhouse gases.

While coal is the nation’s major fuel for electric power, natural gas is the fastest growing fuel. More than 90 percent of the power plants to be built in the next 20 years will likely be fueled by natural gas. Natural gas is also likely to be a primary fuel for distributed power generators – mini-power plants that would be sited close to where the electricity is needed.

Energy’s Fossil Energy program is developing natural gas-powered fuel cells for future distributed generation applications. Fuel cells use hydrogen that can be extracted from natural gas or perhaps in the future from biomass or coal.

Energy’s Office of Nuclear Energy sponsors R&D programs aimed at maintaining the operating capability of the nation’s existing nuclear power plants and developing the next generation of nuclear technologies. Nuclear energy is our nation's largest source of emission-free electricity. The 103 U.S. nuclear units supply about 20 percent of the electricity produced in the United States – second only to coal as a fuel source. The Nuclear Energy program is working to develop cost-efficient technologies that further enhance nuclear safety, minimize the generation of nuclear waste, and further reduce the risk of proliferation.

POWER DISTRIBUTION TECHNICAL SKILLS ONLINE TRAINING COURSES

The United States’ electricity infrastructure is one of the greatest engineering marvels of the 20th century. However, to meet the rising electric power demand of the 21st century, significant improvements in America’s electric system are necessary. Blackouts serve as a powerful reminder of the critical role electricity plays in the everyday lives of people. The mission of the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability is to lead national effort to modernize the electric grid, enhance security and reliability of the energy infrastructure, and facilitate recovery from disruptions to the energy supply.

In addition, the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability seeks to develop new technologies for the storage of energy and the transmission of energy that will contribute to energy efficiency of the electric industry. For instance, the copper wires used in typical transmission lines lose a percentage of the electricity passing through them because of resistance, which causes the wires to heat up. But "superconducting" materials have no resistance, and if they are used to transmit electricity in the future, very little of the electricity will be lost.

For statistical information relating to electricity it produces, visit the Energy Information Administration.

More Course Descriptions:

2102 - Types of Protective Relays $85.00

The objectives of this module is to demonstrate the operation of the most common types of protective relay. This in turn will prepare the participant for succeeding modules which deal with protective schemes often using a combination of these relays.

After study of this module, the participants should be able to understand the following overall concepts and apply them to their day-to-day work activities. They will also be able to answer related test questions on these subjects:

• Components of the differential relay

• Where differential protection is applied

• The differential principle - bus protection

• Transformer differential protection

• Restraint and harmonic restraint

• Components of the overcurrent relay

• Instantaneous overcurrent protection

• Time-overcurrent protection

• Adjustment of pick-up and time dial

• Construction of directional relays

• The need for directional elements

• Operation of directional relays

• The induction cylinder relay

• Operation of distance relays - balanced beam and MHO type

• Circle diagrams

• Effect of load impedance

• Three-zone elements; back-up protection

2105 - Generator Protection $85.00

The objective of this tape is to review the types of fault that can occur on generators and discuss the various protection schemes that are used on both small and large generators. After studying this tape and the associated workbook, the participant should be able to understand the following overall concepts and apply them to his day-to-day work activities. He will also be able to answer related test questions on these subjects:

• Types of prime movers

• Generator terminal connections

• Generator bus connections

• Unit and station service transformers

• Generator mechanical problems

• General electrical faults

• Generator and prime mover tripping arrangements

• Phase fault primary protection

• Ground fault primary protection

• Backup protection

• Negative phase sequence protection

• Generator capability curve

• Loss of field protection

• Effect of system disturbances

• Generator off-line protection

7514 - Controlling to NERC Standards: Interconnection Operations $85.00

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

The objective of “System Control” is to bring about an orderly flow of power from the generating source to the load (power consumer) while maintaining the utmost level of safety, reliability and stability throughout the system.

This course discusses the requirements and procedures of “System Control” and the relationships of these requirements and procedures to applicable NERC Standards.

TOPICS COVERED:

Interconnection Principles

Generation Control

Measuring Generation Control Performance

Transmission System Reliability

Interchange Transactions

System Coordination

Emergency Operations

Islanding and Restoration

7518 - Controlling to NERC Standards: System Transactions & Coordination $85.00

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This module stresses information dealing with a number of issues related to the transfer of energy on the power system as well as the background necessary to fully understand interchange schedules that result from transaction tags established by PSEs.

During the latter portions of the course, you will review the provisions of NERC Standard IRO-004 which deals with planning for system operation during both normal and emergency conditions and during system restoration. Finally, you will review NERC’s requirements for reliability coordinators as set out in Standard EOP-006.

TOPICS COVERED:

Interchange Transactions and Tagging

Interchange Schedules

Reliability Operations Planning

Reliability Coordinator Procedures

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Andorra

Angola

Antigua

Argentina

Armenia

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Bahamas

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Belarus

Belgium

Belize

Benin

Bhutan

Bolivia

Bosnia

Botswana

Brazil

Brunei

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cambodia

Cameroon

Canada (

Cape Verde

Central African Republic

Chad

Chile

China

Colombia

Comoros

Congo (Brazzaville)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Costa Rica

Côte d'Ivoire

Croatia

Cuba

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic

East Timor (Timor Timur)

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Estonia

Ethiopia

Fiji

Finland

France

Gabon

Gambia, The

Georgia

Germany

Ghana

Greece (

Grenada

Guatemala

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Hungary

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Jamaica

Japan

States Served:

Alabama Ala. AL

Alaska Alaska AK

American Samoa AS

Arizona Ariz. AZ

Arkansas Ark. AR

California Calif. CA

Colorado Colo. CO

Connecticut Conn. CT

Delaware Del. DE

Dist. of Columbia D.C. DC

Florida Fla. FL

Georgia Ga. GA

Guam Guam GU

Hawaii Hawaii HI

Idaho Idaho ID

Illinois Ill. IL

Indiana Ind. IN

Iowa Iowa IA

Kansas Kans. KS

Kentucky Ky. KY

Louisiana La. LA

Maine Maine ME

Maryland Md. MD

Marshall Islands MH

Massachusetts Mass. MA

Michigan Mich. MI

Micronesia FM

Minnesota Minn. MN

Mississippi Miss. MS

Missouri Mo. MO

Montana Mont. MT

Nebraska Nebr. NE

Nevada Nev. NV

New Hampshire N.H. NH

New Jersey N.J. NJ

New Mexico N.M. NM

New York N.Y. NY

North Carolina N.C. NC

North Dakota N.D. ND

Northern Marianas MP

Ohio Ohio OH

Oklahoma Okla. OK

Oregon Ore. OR

Palau PW

Pennsylvania Pa. PA

Puerto Rico P.R. PR

Rhode Island R.I. RI

South Carolina S.C. SC

South Dakota S.D. SD

Tennessee Tenn. TN

Texas Tex. TX

Utah Utah UT

Vermont Vt. VT

Virginia Va. VA

Virgin Islands V.I. VI

Washington Wash. WA

West Virginia W.Va. WV

Wisconsin Wis. WI

Wyoming Wyo. WY

Cities Served:

Albuquerque, N.M.

Arlington, Texas

Atlanta, Ga.

Austin, Tex.

Baltimore, Md.

Boston, Mass.

Charlotte, N.C.

Chicago, Ill.

Cleveland, Ohio

Colorado Springs, Colo.

Columbus, Ohio

Dallas, Tex.

Denver, Colo.

Detroit, Mich.

El Paso, Tex.

Fort Worth, Tex.

Fresno, Calif.

Honolulu, Hawaii

Houston, Tex.

Indianapolis, Ind.

Jacksonville, Fla.

Kansas City, Mo.

Las Vegas, Nev.

Long Beach, Calif.

Los Angeles, Calif.

Louisville/Jefferson County, Ky.

Memphis, Tenn.

Mesa, Ariz.

Miami, Fla.

Milwaukee, Wis.

Minneapolis, Minn.

Nashville-Davidson, Tenn.

New Orleans, La.

New York, N.Y.

Oakland, Calif.

Oklahoma City, Okla.

Omaha, Nebr.

Philadelphia, Pa.

Phoenix, Ariz.

Portland, Ore.

Sacramento, Calif.

St. Louis, Mo.

San Antonio, Tex.

San Diego, Calif.

San Francisco, Calif.

San Jose, Calif.

Seattle, Wash.

Tucson, Ariz.

Tulsa, Okla.

Virginia Beach, Va.

Washington, DC

Wichita, Kans

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Power Distribution Online Training. Power Plant Training Classes including AC Voltage Generation, Impedance and Voltage Drop, Three Phase Power Systems, Distribution Networks Overhead Lines ,Underground Distribution Systems,Substation Transformers,Fundamentals of Protection, Overcurrent Protection, Distribution System Protection, Coordination of protection Devices, Overvoltage Protection, Communication Techniques , SCADA Control, Distribution Automation, Programmable Logic Controllers

Power Distribution Online Training. Power Plant Training Classes including AC Voltage Generation, Impedance and Voltage Drop, Three Phase Power Systems, Distribution Networks Overhead Lines ,Underground Distribution Systems,Substation Transformers,Fundamentals of Protection, Overcurrent Protection, Distribution System Protection, Coordination of protection Devices, Overvoltage Protection, Communication Techniques , SCADA Control, Distribution Automation, Programmable Logic Controllers

POWER DISTRIBUTION ONLINE CLASSES

Power Transmission, Distribution, and Generation Training

With a library of over 300 courses to choose from, this curriculum is aimed at all personnel who are involved in plant maintenance including operators, maintenance technicians, craftsmen and management. These courses present techniques used in modern plants to measure on an ongoing basis, the rate of deterioration of equipment, analysis and interpretation of such information, and the resultant implementation of predictive maintenance. Topics include distribution networks and equipment, system protection, control and automation, equipment testing and maintenance, and the distribution system operator's role. It is presented on the technical level and a knowledge of basic electrical theory is assumed. For Sales or Enrollment Help call 877.230.9485

electrical fundamentals for power distribution

Electricity distribution

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Simplified diagram of AC electricity distribution from generation stations to consumers

Electricity distribution is the final stage in the delivery (before retail) of electricity to end users. A distribution system's network carries electricity from the transmission system and delivers it to consumers. Typically, the network would include medium-voltage (less than 50 kV) power lines, electrical substations and pole-mounted transformers, low-voltage (less than 1000 V) distribution wiring and sometimes electricity meters.

How Power Grids Work

by Marshall Brain

Electrical power is a little bit like the air you breathe: You don't really think about it until it is missing. Power is just "there," meeting your every need, constantly. It is only during a power failure, when you walk into a dark room and instinctively hit the useless light switch, that you realize how important power is in your daily life. You use it for heating, cooling, cooking, refrigeration, light, sound, computation, entertainment... Without it, life can get somewhat cumbersome.

Power travels from the power plant to your house through an amazing system called the power distribution grid.

Power grid distribution lines can be above or under ground. See more power grid pictures.

The grid is quite public -- if you live in a suburban or rural area, chances are it is right out in the open for all to see. It is so public, in fact, that you probably don't even notice it anymore. Your brain likely ignores all of the power lines because it has seen them so often. In this article, we will look at all of the equipment that brings electrical power to your home. The next time you look at the power grid, you will be able to really see it and understand what is going on!

Sage Brings More Business Management Power to Small Manufacturers and Distributors

Customer-Driven Enhancements Provide Greater Visibility, Enhanced Analytics and Streamlined Processes for Small Manufacturers and Distributors

On Tuesday May 19, 2009, 11:17 am EDT

ATLANTA, GA--(MARKET WIRE)--May 19, 2009 -- Sage North America today announced the general availability of its Peachtree 2010 product line, including new versions of Peachtree by Sage Premium Accounting for Manufacturing, Peachtree by Sage Premium Accounting for Distribution, and Peachtree by Sage - Quantum. These products, designed for small manufacturers and wholesale distributors, go beyond accounting, providing an array of management tools that assist these companies in attaining their business goals.

All 4 Hour Classes - $85.00

2101 - Elements of System Protection

2102 - Types of Protective Relays

2103 - Monitoring System Conditions

2104 - Fault Characteristics

2105 - Generator Protection

2106 - Transformer Protection

2107 - Bus Protection

2108 - Motor Protection

2109 - Line Protection

2110 - Pilot Protection

2111 - Protection for System Stability

2112-Testing and Commissioning of Protective Schemes

2114 - Fault Investigation and Analysis

2115 - Introduction to Static Relaying

2116 - Coordination of Protection Devices

2117 - Power Supply for Protection & Control Systems

2118 - Energy Centre Operations

2119 - Telecommunications Protection I - HVSP Devices

2120 - Telecommunications Protection II - Installation and Configuration

2121 - Supervisory Control System (SCADA)

2122 - Inadvertent Trips - Cause and Prevention

2123 - Fault Calculations and Relay Settings

2124 - Testing Techniques

2125 - Programmable Logic Controllers

7501 - Review of Fundamentals

7502 - Power Transmission

7503 - System Voltage Control

7504 - System Frequency and Tie-Line Control

7505 - Power Dispatching

7506 - System Security

7507 - Operating Under Abnormal Conditions

7508 - System Restoration

7509 - Monitoring and Control Communications

7510 - Transmission System Protection

7511 - The Effect of Deregulation on Operations

7512 - Power Dispatch Under Deregulation

7513 - Transmission Control

More Classes

7101: Electrical Fundamentals, Basic Electricity

7102: Electrical Fundamentals, Properties of AC Circuits

7103: Electrical Fundamentals, Power and Power Factor

7104: Electrical Fundamentals, Three Phase Systems

7514 - Controlling to NERC Standards: Interconnection Operations

7516 – Controlling to NERC Standards: Generation Control & Performance

7517 - Controlling to NERC Standards: Aspects of System Operations

7518 - Controlling to NERC Standards: System Transactions & Coordination

For Sales or Enrollment Help call 877.230.9485

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SPECIAL PACKAGE #1 - NERC CERT PREP

9900: System Operations Review

12 Hours - $350.00

The NERC OPERATIONS TRAINING MODULE is designed to provide a comprehensive general review for personnel seeking CE training credit as well as for those persons who are preparing to take the NERC certification exam.

Note - if a person completes this before attaining certification by NERC, then it does not warrant NERC CE credits.

This is a tool to help prepare for taking the exam. It does not include or imply content of any NERC certification exam answers. The purpose of this module is to serve as a tool to help with an individual’s understanding of system operations and demonstration of knowledge necessary to succeed in the NERC certification exam. It is absolutely necessary to spend “face time” in the references and Standards in addition to the course completion

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SPECIAL PACKAGE #2 -

9500: Emergency Table Top Drill

15 Hours - $400.00

This module provides the student with an in depth study of operational problem-solving drills. Students will proceed through the various scenarios ranging from minor events to system black-outs and restoration.

Through this module, students will be introduced to the topic of emergency preparedness through a series of exercises or drills designed to provide a realistic learning experience. Students will have to complete separate, written logs documenting his/her actions for a given scenario: the trainees are provided with “expected outcomes” that they are to compare their responses to. This course is very realistic and requires use of skill-sets that closely match those that would be used in an actual situation

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SPECIAL PACKAGE #3 -

9100 - Applying NERC Standards

18 Hours - $450.00

This Applying NERC Standards course is an excellent way to gain an overview of what each NERC Standard is all about.

Course DescriptionThis course is designed to provide you with a practical understanding of what each standard is about as the standards are applied to assignments during each lesson.

Throughout the course, you will have access to the full-text version of the NERC standards. You will have the opportunity to review the requirements of each standard before being challenged to apply your knowledge of those standards during the examination provided at the end of the course

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Since 1971, Online SchoolRoom/360training has provided technical skills training to the electric power industry around the globe. Over 1300 programs in 39 competency areas of transmission, distribution and generation are offered in multiple languages and mediums to improve your plant operations, profitability and productivity. Our courses have received recognition from the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC).

In 2004 360training acquired Canadian training provider L&K International, a leading provider of transmission, power, distribution training to the power, energy and utilities energy worldwide to form the worldwide Technical Skills and Safety division. Technical Skills and Safety Division closes largest single contract in company's history, providing a multi-year training contract to key US defense contractor .